"Patience is a Super Power" - "The Money is in the waiting"
Showing posts with label Europe. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Europe. Show all posts

Saturday, March 15, 2025

From Factory Robots to Humanoids, the Robot revolution is coming and Fanuc Corp is in the thick of it!

 


Why Fanuc (FANUY) Dominates in Factory Robotics?

Fanuc Corporation (Ticker: FANUY) is a global leader in industrial automation and factory robotics, with a strong, worldwide presence in robotics, CNC systems, and factory automation. Here’s why it dominates:


1. Market Leadership in Industrial Robotics

  • Largest supplier of industrial robots globally (alongside ABB and KUKA).
  • Over 750,000 robots installed worldwide.
  • Strong presence in automotive, electronics, and manufacturing industries.

2. Highly Reliable and Scalable Robotics

  • Fanuc robots are known for their durability, precision, and reliability.
  • Provides robotic arms, assembly robots, welding robots, and painting robots for high-precision manufacturing.
  • Used by Tesla, Ford, General Motors, Toyota, and other major automakers.

3. Strength in CNC Systems and Automation

  • Dominates the CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine market, which is key for precision manufacturing.
  • CNC systems power over 50% of the world’s machine tools, making Fanuc a crucial supplier for advanced factories.

4. Full Automation Solutions (Lights-Out Manufacturing)

  • Fanuc enables fully automated factories, including "lights-out" manufacturing, where factories run with zero human intervention.
  • Example: Fanuc’s own factories are almost fully automated, producing robots with robots.

5. Strong Global Presence & Manufacturing Capacity

  • HQ: Japan, but has factories and offices worldwide, including the U.S., Europe, and China.
  • Major production facilities in Japan and China allow for cost-effective manufacturing and rapid deployment.

6. Competitive Moat & Long-Term Customer Base

  • High switching costs: Once a manufacturer integrates Fanuc’s robots into their workflow, switching to a competitor is expensive and time-consuming.
  • Long-term contracts: Automakers, semiconductor fabs, and consumer electronics firms rely on Fanuc robots.

7. Financial Strength & Profitability

  • Debt-free with a strong balance sheet.
  • High profit margins due to low-cost production and high-value automation systems.
  • Consistent revenue from maintenance, software, and spare parts.

8. Expanding into AI and Humanoid Robotics

  • While Fanuc is dominant in industrial robotics, it is also investing in AI-driven automation and collaborative robots (cobots).
  • Possible future entry into humanoid robotics, leveraging its manufacturing expertise.

Why we might Invest in FANUY? (currently on our watch list)

Global leader in industrial automation & robotics.
Financially strong with high margins & no debt.
Long-term growth as automation demand rises.
AI and factory automation are future megatrends.


Fanuc Corporation (Ticker: FANUY) is a global leader in industrial automation and robotics, renowned for its dominance in factory robotics. This report provides an in-depth analysis of Fanuc's financial performance, growth projections, market presence, cash position, and partnerships.​


Financial Performance

For the fiscal year ending March 31, 2024, Fanuc reported the following consolidated financial results:

  • Net Sales: ¥795.3 billion, a decrease of 6.7% from the previous fiscal year.fanuc.co.jp
  • Operating Income: ¥141.9 billion, down 25.8% year-over-year.
  • Ordinary Income: ¥181.8 billion, a decline of 21.4%.fanuc.co.jp
  • Net Income Attributable to Owners of Parent: ¥133.2 billion, a decrease of 21.9%.fanuc.co.jp

These figures indicate a contraction in both revenue and profitability compared to the prior year.fanuc.co.jp


Future Growth Projections

Despite recent declines, Fanuc is poised for future growth:

  • Revenue Growth: Analysts forecast a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.4% in revenue, reaching approximately ¥849.6 billion by fiscal year 2026.simplywall.st+1fanuc.co.jp+1
  • Earnings Growth: Earnings per share (EPS) are expected to grow at a CAGR of 8.3% over the same period.
  • Return on Equity (ROE): Projected to increase to about 25% by 2026, up from 19.3% in 2021, indicating enhanced profitability and efficient capital utilization.morningstar.com

Markets and Countries Served

Fanuc's global sales distribution for FY2024 is as follows:

  • Japan: ¥105.1 billion

  • Americas: ¥227.3 billion

  • Europe: ¥168.5 billionfanuc.co.jp

  • Asia (excluding Japan): ¥284.1 billion

  • Other Regions: ¥10.2 billion

The company maintains a strong presence across major industrial regions, with significant operations in Japan, the Americas, Europe, and Asia.fanuc.co.jp


Cash Position

Fanuc's financial stability is underscored by its robust cash position:

The company continues to generate substantial free cash flow, supporting ongoing investments and shareholder returns.


Partnerships

Fanuc has established strategic partnerships to enhance its technological capabilities and market reach:

  • General Electric (GE): Collaborated to produce onboard electronics for the M1A2 Abrams tank.wired.com
  • Raytheon: Fanuc robots are utilized in missile production at Raytheon's Arizona facility.wired.com
  • UK Defense Industry: Assisted the United Kingdom in creating an efficient production process for 155-mm artillery shells.wired.com

These collaborations underscore Fanuc's integral role in both civilian and defense manufacturing sectors.wired.com


Conclusion

Fanuc Corporation's leadership in industrial automation is supported by its solid financial foundation, strategic global presence, and key partnerships. While recent financial results indicate challenges, the company's proactive strategies and market positioning suggest potential for sustained growth in the evolving automation industry.

Ed Note:

We currently have no shares of Fanuc but have placed it on our watch list for now!

Sunday, February 9, 2025

Self Driving Vehicles, IOT, Ai, Space Technology. Hiding behind the curtain of these cutting edge technologies is Swiss multi national, STMicroelectronics (STM)



 
STMicroelectronics (STM) Investment & Business Report

Company Overview

  • Ticker: STM (NYSE, Euronext Paris, Borsa Italiana)

  • Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland

  • Founded: 1987 (Merger of SGS Microelettronica and Thomson Semiconducteurs)

  • Industry: Semiconductors

  • Market Cap: ~$40 billion (as of recent data)

  • Key Customers: Tesla, Mobileye, Apple, NVIDIA, Qualcomm, Bosch, Continental, SpaceX


Financial Overview

  • Revenue (2023): $13.27 billion (23.2% YoY decline)

  • Gross Margin: 39.3% (down from 47.9% in 2022)

  • Operating Income: $1.68 billion (Operating Margin: 12.6%)

  • Net Income: $1.56 billion (63% YoY decline)

  • Cash Position: $3.16 billion net cash as of December 31, 2023

  • Capital Expenditures (2023): $2.53 billion

  • Free Cash Flow: $288 million

STM has revised its long-term revenue goal from 2027 to 2030, aiming to exceed $20 billion in annual revenue, reflecting industry-wide challenges in semiconductor demand.


Manufacturing Facilities & Expansion Plans

  • Current Plants: Italy, France, Malta, Singapore, China

  • Expansion:

    • New Silicon Carbide (SiC) facility in Italy for EV and self-driving tech

    • 300mm wafer production expansion in France

    • China Partnership: STM is collaborating with Hua Hong to ramp up MCU production for automotive customers, particularly in EVs and autonomous systems (Expected 2025)


Technological Leadership & Business Segments

1. Self-Driving Car Technology & Automotive Leadership

STM is a critical supplier of chips and sensors for autonomous vehicle technology, providing microcontrollers (MCUs), power electronics, AI processors, and sensor fusion technology.


Key Self-Driving Partnerships:

  • Tesla: Supplier of MCUs, power electronics, and SiC chips for Tesla’s self-driving EVs.

  • Mobileye (Intel): STM provides AI-enhanced camera sensors for Mobileye’s ADAS and self-driving systems.

  • NVIDIA: Collaborates on low-power AI processing chips for autonomous vehicles.

  • Geely & Volvo: Supplies ADAS and powertrain chips for Chinese and European autonomous vehicle projects.

  • XPeng & BYD: Provides LiDAR signal processing chips for leading Chinese EV makers.

Silicon Carbide (SiC) Leadership in EVs & Autonomous Cars:

  • STM is a top 3 global supplier of SiC power electronics, used to enhance battery efficiency and range in EVs.

  • SiC chips are essential for self-driving fleets, robotaxis, and AI-driven vehicle computing.

R&D Investments in Self-Driving Tech:

  • AI-powered microcontrollers with real-time neural network processing

  • Next-gen LiDAR and radar signal processing chips

  • Edge AI processors for in-vehicle computing

  • SiC-based power solutions for energy-efficient autonomous platforms

2. Internet of Things (IoT) & Edge Computing

  • Broad portfolio of MCUs, MEMS sensors, and connectivity chips for IoT applications.

  • STM’s chips are integrated into smart home devices, industrial automation, healthcare, and wearables.

3. Space Business & Aerospace Applications

  • STM provides radiation-hardened semiconductors for satellites and spacecraft.

  • Partnerships with SpaceX and European space agencies ensure a growing presence in the space sector.


Competitive Positioning

STM faces competition from Infineon, NVIDIA, and ON Semiconductor, but differentiates itself through: ✅ Leadership in automotive microcontrollers & SiC chipsStrong AI and sensor fusion R&D investmentsExpanding partnerships with Tesla, Mobileye, and top Chinese EV makersDiverse applications in space, IoT, and AI-driven computing


Investment Outlook & Growth Potential

  • Self-Driving Boom: Autonomous vehicle sales expected to surpass $2 trillion by 2040.

  • Silicon Carbide Market Growth: Projected to hit $10 billion+ by 2030—STM is a major player.

  • AI-Enabled Vehicles: STM’s AI-enhanced MCUs and Edge AI processors position it for long-term success.

  • Expansion in China & U.S.: Ongoing investment in next-gen automotive and industrial chips.

Key Risks:Tesla’s in-house chip strategy may reduce reliance on STM in the long term. ⚠ Competition from NVIDIA and Infineon in high-performance ADAS chips. ⚠ Cyclical semiconductor demand could cause revenue fluctuations.


Final Verdict: A Key Player in the Future of Self-Driving & AI



STM is a leading semiconductor supplier for the self-driving and EV revolution, with strong positioning in ADAS, power electronics, and AI-driven automotive chips. Despite short-term revenue challenges, its SiC leadership, Tesla partnership, and investments in AI microcontrollers make it a high-potential long-term investment in the autonomous vehicle market.

ED Note:

For now, we are placing STM on our watch list as it's share price has been slipping recently due to some market turbulence and some financial re-adjustments.  We will look to take a position as these conditions improve in 2025 and beyond. 

Reasons why:  STMicroelectronics (STM) has recently adjusted its financial projections due to ongoing challenges in the semiconductor industry, particularly in the automotive and industrial sectors. The company now aims to achieve annual revenues exceeding $20 billion by 2030, a target previously set for 2027. An intermediate goal has been established, with revenues expected to reach approximately $18 billion and an operating margin between 22% and 24% in the 2027-2028 timeframe.

In the self-driving technology domain, STM continues to innovate, focusing on advanced microcontrollers (MCUs) and silicon carbide (SiC) power devices. The company has expanded its automotive MCU roadmap to support next-generation vehicles, emphasizing reduced complexity, improved efficiency, and enhanced safety and security standards.

Additionally, STM has introduced its fourth generation of SiC MOSFETs, which offer higher efficiency and are critical for electric vehicles (EVs) and autonomous driving applications.

Despite these advancements, STM has faced a downturn in demand from automotive clients, leading to a downward revision of its 2024 revenue forecast to $13.27 billion, marking a 23% decrease from the previous year. This adjustment reflects the broader challenges in the automotive semiconductor market, including high inventory levels and fluctuating demand.

In summary, while STM is actively developing technologies to support the self-driving car industry, it is also navigating significant market challenges that have impacted its financial outlook.

Robots and Automation - From factory bots to Robo Taxis and Humanoids. Who are the leading companies?

Monday, July 1, 2024

Fluence Energy has established itself as a leader in energy storage through several strategic advantages and significant achievements in scale!

 


 Here are the key factors contributing to the leadership position of $FLNC:

  1. Scale and Reach: Fluence has deployed and contracted over 20 GWh of battery-based energy storage systems globally, operating in 47 markets. This extensive presence and experience enable Fluence to leverage global best practices and economies of scale, making it a formidable player in the energy storage industry.

  2. Technological Innovation: The company continuously develops advanced energy storage products, such as the Gridstack Pro and Ultrastack, tailored for utility-scale projects and grid applications. These innovations are designed to meet the increasing demands of modern power grids, particularly in managing renewable energy integration and grid stability.

  3. Strategic Partnerships: Fluence has forged strong partnerships with key industry players. For instance, their collaboration with TransnetBW in Germany on the 250 MW Grid Booster project showcases their ability to deliver large-scale, innovative solutions that enhance grid efficiency and support renewable energy integration.

  4. Comprehensive Service Offerings: Fluence provides an ecosystem of solutions, including modular and scalable energy storage products, comprehensive service offerings, and AI-enabled software for managing and optimizing renewable energy and storage. This holistic approach ensures customers can rely on Fluence for end-to-end energy storage solutions.

  5. Safety and Reliability: Fluence emphasizes safety and reliability, which are critical for gaining and maintaining customer trust. Their systems have accumulated nearly 3 million operating hours, underscoring their durability and performance.

Looking forward, Fluence plans to maintain its leadership by continuing to innovate, expanding its market reach, and enhancing its technological capabilities. The company is also focused on addressing emerging challenges such as grid congestion and renewable energy integration by deploying sophisticated energy storage solutions that provide flexibility and resilience to power networks.

By leveraging these strengths and maintaining its commitment to innovation and customer satisfaction, Fluence is well-positioned to sustain its leadership in the rapidly evolving energy storage market.



Over the past three years, Fluence Energy has demonstrated substantial growth, solidifying its position as a leader in the energy storage sector. Here are some key highlights of their growth trajectory:

  1. Revenue Growth: Fluence has experienced significant increases in revenue. For instance, in fiscal year 2023, the company reported record quarterly order intakes, which resulted in the highest-ever backlog and led to an increase in their revenue guidance for the year​ (Simply Wall St)​​ (Stock Analysis)​.

  2. Global Expansion: Fluence has expanded its market presence to 47 countries, deploying and contracting over 20 GWh of battery-based energy storage systems globally. This expansion includes major projects in Germany, Finland, and Australia, showcasing their capability to handle large-scale and complex energy storage systems​ (Fluence)​​ (Stock Analysis)​.

  3. Technological and Product Innovation: The company has continuously introduced advanced energy storage products, such as the Gridstack Pro and Ultrastack, which cater to utility-scale projects and address the growing needs for grid stability and renewable energy integration. These innovations help Fluence stay ahead in a competitive market by offering cutting-edge solutions​ (Fluence)​​ (Simply Wall St)​.

  4. Strategic Partnerships and Projects: Fluence has partnered with leading energy companies worldwide to deliver significant projects. Notable examples include the 500 MW/1000 MWh energy storage system for AGL Energy in Australia and the Grid Booster project in Germany, which are among the largest and most complex energy storage systems globally​ (Fluence)​​ (Simply Wall St)​.

  5. Industry Recognition: In 2024, Fluence was named one of Forbes' Most Successful Mid-Cap Companies, reflecting its robust performance and market leadership. This recognition is based on positive sales growth, financial health, and strategic market positioning​ (Fluence)​.

Overall, Fluence Energy's growth over the past three years has been marked by increased revenue, global market expansion, technological innovation, strategic partnerships, and industry recognition. These factors collectively contribute to its leading position in the energy storage market and set a strong foundation for continued growth in the future.

Discl: We own shares in $FLNC


Related Articles:

Enovix ($ENVX on Nasdaq) has developed a unique new Li battery that will enhance safety, longevity and higher energy levels



Tuesday, May 21, 2024

Energy Storage and EV charging are burgeoning markets today, and this company is a first mover and market leader! Here's why/

 ChargePoint has established itself as a leader in the energy storage and EV charging markets for several reasons:

  1. Network Size

    ChargePoint operates 114,000 charging points across the U.S. and Europe, making it the largest EV charging system provider globally.
  2. Growing faster

    than any competitor!

  3. Integrated Solutions:

    ChargePoint collaborates with Stem, an AI-driven clean energy solutions provider, to develop an integrated EV charging and battery storage solution

    This approach allows fast charging deployment even before utility upgrades are complete, avoiding demand charges. 
  4. Battery storage also enhances grid resilience during outages.
  5. Partnerships: ChargePoint has formed strategic partnerships with companies like VolvoStarbucks, and Mercedes to expand fast charging infrastructure and support long-distance electric travel2.

  6. European Market Leadership: In a report by Frost Sullivan, ChargePoint was recognized as the European electric vehicle charging market leader based on product quality, implementation excellence, and growth strategy3.

Overall, 

ChargePoint’s commitment to mass EV adoption, extensive network, and innovative solutions contribute to its leadership position in the industry


ASIA

ChargePoint, a leading provider of networked charging solutions for electric vehicles (EVs), has been expanding its presence in AsiaWhile the company has primarily focused on the Americas and Europe, it has also reported triple-digit growth in Asian markets


Additionally, ChargePoint’s software enables access to over 900,000 global charging locations, making it a significant player in the EV charging space worldwide


Growth

ChargePoint is currently in a growth phaseChargePoint has been experiencing significant growth in its global footprint. While specific growth rates may vary, the company’s expansion efforts have been substantial.

Also, the pullback in the EV charging portion of Tesla's business, may have a significant positive impact on it's competitors and ChargePoint is the main competitor.


New Partnerships:

ChargePoint (NYSE: $CHPT), The leading provider of networked charging solutions for electric vehicles ( $EVs), and Airbnb Inc. (NASDAQ: $ABNB) have partnered to meet a growing demand in EV charging from Airbnb guests.

Stock Price

CHPT's stock price is at or near it's all time low and therefore positive news could send the price much much higher over the next 24 months!




Monday, November 18, 2013

Flinders Resources moving ahead with Graphite production schedule

Flinders Resources LimitedFlinders Resources Limited

TSX VENTURE : FDR



November 14, 2013 08:45 ET

Flinders Board Approves Production Plan for the Woxna Graphite Project



VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA--(Marketwired - Nov. 14, 2013) - Flinders Resources Limited ("Flinders" or the "Company") (TSX VENTURE:FDR) is pleased to provide an update on its production plan for the Woxna graphite project in Sweden (the "Woxna Project"). If successful the updated plan would permit Flinders to maintain its strategic advantage in becoming the first public company to produce graphite on a commercial scale.

Blair Way, President & CEO states, "After joining the Board and Management, my focus has been to transition Flinders from engineering work to re-establishing production at a capital cost within the Company's means. This would allow us to develop cash flow in the short term and form strong and lasting relationships with customers. We have reviewed all aspects of the recently published Preliminary Economic Assessment on the Woxna Project ("PEA") to define a staged implementation of the PEA. There is no material change to the PEA as it defines the path to production. The implementation plan allows for staged production rates and capital cost spending such that the initial startup requires less than half the total capital cost estimated in the PEA. The balance of the PEA capital cost will be invested in stages as sales and subsequent production levels demand. With more than CDN$11M in cash and zero debt, in combination with expected revenue from graphite sales from mid-2014, we believe the Company is well positioned to incrementally increase to production levels outlined in the PEA. Our aim is to be in production by the end of Q2 2014. With stabilized graphite prices, this is an exciting time for the Company and I look forward to providing regular updates on the progress at site."
The Company advises that it has not based its production decision on a feasibility study of mineral reserves, demonstrating economic and technical viability, and, as a result, there may be an increased uncertainty of achieving any particular level of recovery of minerals or the cost of such recovery, including increased risks associated with developing a commercially mineable deposit. Historically, such projects have a much higher risk of economic and technical failure. There is no guarantee that production will begin as anticipated or at all or that anticipated production costs will be achieved. Failure to commence production would have a material adverse impact on the Company's ability to generate revenue and cash flow to fund operations. Failure to achieve the anticipated production costs would have a material adverse impact on the Company's cash flow and future profitability.
The Company further cautions that the PEA is preliminary in nature. No mining study has been completed. Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no certainty that the PEA will be realized.
The fully-permitted and past-producing Woxna Project remains unique in terms of the low startup capital, a high quality coarse graphite flake product and proximity to Europe, one of the world's dominant graphite markets. After the finalization of the PEA in October 2013, and deterioration in the capital markets, the challenge has been to initiate production at a capital cost within the Company's means.
The Flinders Board recently approved the staged production plan for commencing production of graphite from Woxna. This staged plan spreads the PEA capital cost over the next 4 years based as sales contracts are established but permits for lower production levels and costs until the sales warrant capacity expansion.
The open pit mine has been dewatered and is ready to put in service. The front end (grinding) and backend of the plant (drying/sorting/packing) are in serviceable condition, however the middle floatation section requires some additional equipment to enable optimized production according to the improved flow sheet defined in the PEA. Procurement of equipment (new and used) and design work has commenced. The Company currently exceeds all environmental statutory requirements and has established water balance control measures at site that will be upgraded to match the staged production plan to ensure all discharges are within environmental requirements.
The Company believes that the staged production plan will facilitate marketing of its products and allow the Woxna project to re-establish its former position as a key supplier of graphite to Europe. Flinders aims to position itself as the supplier of choice in terms of price, supply security and quality to the European graphite market. The production model being implemented will ensure the Company has developed an adequate customer base before ramping up to larger scale production and that the graphite products consistently meet end user specifications. Through the sale of reprocessed graphite over the last 12 months the Company has made substantial marketing in-roads and is confident the Woxna brand will continue to be well received throughout Europe.
Michael Hudson, FAusIMM, MSEG, MAIG, a director of the Company and a qualified person as defined under NI 43-101, has reviewed the scientific and technical disclosure in this news release.

On behalf of the Board,
Blair Way, President and CEO

Forward-Looking Information
Certain information in this presentation may constitute forward-looking statements or forward-looking information within the meaning of applicable securities laws (collectively, "Forward-Looking Statements"). All statements, other than statements of historical fact that address activities, events or developments that the Company believes, expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future are Forward-Looking Statements. Forward-Looking Statements are often, but not always, identified by the use of words such as "seek", "anticipate", "believe", "plan", "estimate", "expect", and "intend" and statements that an event or result "may", "will", "can", "should", "could", or "might" occur or be achieved and other similar expressions. Forward-Looking Statements are based upon the opinions and expectations of the Company based on information currently available to the Company. Forward-Looking Statements are subject to a number of factors, risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from those discussed in the Forward-Looking Statements including, among other things, the Company has yet to generate a profit from its activities; there can be no guarantee that the estimates of quantities or qualities of minerals disclosed in the Company's public record will be economically recoverable; uncertainties relating to the availability and costs of financing needed in the future; competition with other companies within the mining industry; the success of the Company is largely dependent upon the performance of its directors and officers and the Company's ability to attract and train key personnel; changes in world metal markets and equity markets beyond the Company's control; mineral reserves are, in the large part, estimates and no assurance can be given that the anticipated tonnages and grades will be achieved or that the indicated level of recovery will be realized; production rates and capital and other costs may vary significantly from estimates; the Company's decision to restart production at the Woxna graphite project is based on historical production and the Company's preliminary economic assessment of the project and the Company has no plans to first complete a pre-feasibility or feasibility study on the project, as a result there is an increased risk of technical and economic failure for the Woxna graphite project; unexpected geological conditions; delays in obtaining or failure to obtain necessary permits and approvals from government authorities; all phases of a mining business present environmental and safety risks and hazards and are subject to environmental and safety regulation, and rehabilitation and restitution costs; the Company does not maintain insurance against environmental risks; and management of the Company have experience in mineral exploration but may lack all or some of the necessary technical training and experience to successfully develop and operate a mine.
Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in the Forward-Looking Statements, and the assumptions on which such Forward-Looking Statements are made, are reasonable, there can be no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on Forward-Looking Statements, as there can be no assurance that the plans, intentions or expectations upon which the Forward-Looking Statements are based will occur. Forward-Looking Statements herein are made as at the date hereof, and unless otherwise required by law, the Company does not intend, or assume any obligation, to update these Forward-Looking Statements.
Cautionary Note to United States Readers Concerning Resource and Reserve Estimates:
This release has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the securities laws in effect in Canada which differ in certain material respects from the disclosure requirements of United States securities laws.
The terms "mineral resource", "measured mineral resource", "indicated mineral resource" and "inferred mineral resource" are Canadian mining terms as defined in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects ("NI 43-101") and the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum's (the "CIM") - CIM Definition Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, adopted by the CIM Council, as may be amended from time to time by the CIM. These terms are not defined terms under the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") Industry Guide 7 ("SEC Industry Guide 7") under the Securities Act of 1933 and normally are not permitted to be used in reports and registration statements filed with the SEC.
Readers are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of the mineral deposits in these categories will ever be converted into "reserves" (as defined in SEC Industry Guide 7). "Inferred mineral resources" have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and great uncertainty as to their economic and legal feasibility. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Under Canadian rules, estimates of inferred mineral resources may not form the basis of an economic analysis, except a preliminary economic assessment provided certain additional disclosure requirements are met. Readers are cautioned not to assume that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource exists or is economically or legally mineable. Disclosure of "contained ounces" in a resource is permitted disclosure under Canadian regulations; however, the SEC normally only permits issuers to report mineralization that does not constitute "reserves" by SEC Industry Guide 7 standards as in place tonnage and grade without reference to unit measures.
Accordingly, information contained in this presentation and any documents incorporated by reference herein containing descriptions of our mineral deposits may not be comparable to similar information made public by U.S. companies subject to the reporting and disclosure requirements under the United States federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

Contact Information